世界卫生组织“生育健康中的社会性别与权利”培训中心
1999年,世界卫生组织在全球征募愿意实施“生育健康中的社会性别与权利”培训的机构,云南健康与发展研究会积极响应。经过申报、评估、遴选等程序,成为了所指定的5个中心中的一个,也是世界卫生组织在亚洲的唯一培训中心。
这一培训项目由南非的维瓦特斯兰大学妇女健康项目开创于1996年。课程与培训手册的开发是世界卫生组织、哈佛公共卫生学院、维瓦特斯兰大学妇女健康项目的一个合作项目。整个项目是在由9名知名学者组成的国际专家组策划和开发的。从1997年至2000年培训手册初稿在WHO所指定的5个培训中心的核心课程试用。根据评估和现场测试,最后培训手册定稿。
该培训手册共六讲,分别为社会性别、社会影响因素、权利、证据、政策和卫生体系。通过手册中的大量阅读材料、实例以及一系列的分析工具,鼓励参与者应用社会性别和权利的视角评估自己国家的卫生改革。
在世界卫生组织和福特基金会的支持下,云南健康与发展健康研究会于1999年底成功举办了第一期培训班,来自全国的妇女健康研究者、项目管理者、社会学家、公共卫生专家、服务提供者等28人,在春城昆明共同度过了难忘的3周。很快,又举办了第二期培训班。而需求远远没有被满足,每次报名的人数都远远超过培训班的名额限度。
经过举办这些培训班,云南健康与发展研究会对后来的培训手册定稿,做出了有益的贡献。在培训中开发的一些当地案例和课程计划,被写进了正式出版的培训手册中。同时,云南健康与发展研究会的培训队伍也得到了极大锻炼,无论是理论水平还是培训技能,都前进了一大步。
2002年,得到世界卫生组织的授权,云南健康与发展研究会又把培训课程译为中文,使更多的人能从课程中获益。此外,云南健康与发展研究会还为周边国家的卫生管理者提供了相关培训。2003年至2009年期间,由洛克菲勒基金会资助,开展大湄公河流域性与生殖健康培训项目,对老挝、缅甸、越南和中国政府、民间组织、研究机构及基层健康服务提供者提供艾滋病预防与社会性别等课程的培训。2010年11月下旬,受联合国人口基金驻孟加拉代表处、国家人口计生委国际合作司的委托,研究会理事长张开宁教授对孟加拉国11名官员,国家及云南省人口计生委相关代表进行生殖健康与妇幼保健相结合的培训班,介绍了妇幼保健/生殖健康服务的可及性与可接受性。
作为世界卫生组织的培训中心之一,云南健康与发展研究会将继续推广这一课程,为实现1994年国际人口与发展大会以及1995年世界妇女大会所提出的目标而努力。
A World Health Organization "Gender, Rights, and Reproductive Health" Training Program Center
In 1999, the World Health Organization commenced a worldwide training program focused on "Gender, Rights, and Reproductive Health" with the aid of partner organizations. The Yunnan Health and Development Research Association (YHDRA) enthusiastically supported this program and after having gone through the appropriate application, evaluation, and selection procedures, the YHDRA was appointed one of only 5 training centers in the world and, additionally, the only WHO appointed training center in the Asia-Pacific Region.
The program was first established in 1996 under the auspices of the Women's Health Project at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. While the entire project was conceived and developed by a team of nine international experts, the development of course and training curriculum materials has been a collaborative project of the WHO, the Harvard School of Public Health, and the Women's Health Project of the University of Witwatersrand. From 1997 to 2000, the core curriculum was circulated amongst the WHO's five training centers and was revised based on evaluation and field-tests in 2000.
The training handbook is organized into six modules on the topics of: gender, social determinants of health, rights, evidence, policy, and health systems. By offering abundant reading materials, examples, and a series of analytic tools in the handbook, participants are encouraged to evaluate their own country's health reforms from gender and rights perspectives.
Coordinated by the WHO and supported by the Ford Foundation, the YHDRA succeeded in completing the first session of training classes by the end of 1999. The 28 participants included a researcher on women's health issues, project superintendents, sociologists, public health experts, health care providers and others from around the country. They spent three unforgettable weeks together in the "Spring City" of Kunming and soon afterwards, the second training session was held. However, the needs of interested parties have yet to be met as each time the number of entrants exceeds registration quotas.
By hosting these training courses, the YHDRA made its own original contribution to finalizing the training handbook of the project. Local cases and training schemes developed in these courses were included in the handbook officially published by the WHO. At the same time, the training team of the YHDRA obtained the invaluable experience of both hosting such a meeting and having the pleasure of witnessing each member, regardless of theoretical background and training skills, enthusiastically participate.
In 2002, with the permission of the WHO, the YHDRA translated the training curriculum into Chinese, thus enabling a far wider audience to peruse the curriculum and benefit from its contents. In addition, the YHDRA also provided related training to health managers from neighboring countries. Between 2003 and 2009, under the sponsorship of the Rockefeller Foundation, YHDRA developed the Training of Trainers (ToT) in Gender and Sexual & Reproductive Health (SRH) for Key Trainers training program. The program covered topics in HIV/AIDS prevention and social gender and rights to health workers from Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam as well as Chinese government, non-government, and research organizations. In late November of 2010, YHDRA’s Chairman, Prof. Kaining Zhang offered a training class on “Reproductive Health Services Availability and Acceptability: China as an example” to 11 officers from Bengal representative from Chinese national and Yunnan provincial family planning commission. This class was requested by United Nations Population Fund representative in Bengal and International Cooperation Department, National Population and Family Planning Commission of China.
As a WHO appointed training center, the YHDRA will continue to promote the training program's curriculum and strive to achieve the objectives advanced by the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo and by the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.